沃恩·威廉斯的个人简介
拉尔夫·沃恩·威廉斯，OM（Ralph Vaughan Williams，1872年10月12日－1958年8月26日）是英国交响曲、室内乐、歌剧、合唱音乐和电影配乐作曲家。他亦是英国民歌的收集家。代表作有《绿袖子幻想曲》。
生活
早年
威廉斯出生于格洛斯特郡的下安普尼，而其父亚瑟u2027沃恩u2027威廉斯则是一名副主教。父亲逝世后，他在1875年被其母亲玛格丽特u2027苏珊u2027威奇伍德 ( Margaret Susan Wedgwood，1843u20131937，陶瓷家约书亚u2027威奇伍德之曾孙女 ) 照顾，并于其位于市北处的利斯山地方的家庭同住。达尔文为威廉斯的伯叔，两者间颇有关系。 拉尔夫 ( 英语作Rayf) 于是被称作尊贵而聪明的中上阶级，但他没有视以为自然，仍努力不懈为其相信的民主和自由观念奋斗。
作为一个学生，他学习钢琴，“但我永不懂弹奏，而小提琴则是我音乐的拯救”。中学毕业之后，进入皇家音乐学院，然后进入剑桥三一学院学习音乐史，后又回到皇家音乐学院学习作曲。
他的音乐创作成就很晚，直到30岁他的一首名叫《Linden Lea》歌曲才成为他的第一个发表作品。他把很多精力用于收集民歌。
作品
歌剧
● Hugh the Drover或Love in the Stocks (恋爱中股票，1910-20)
● Sir John in Love (约翰先生谈恋爱1924-28)，即其创作之绿袖子幻想曲的来源。
● The Poisoned Kiss (1927-29，修订版为1936-37及1956-57)
● Riders to the Sea (海上骑士、骑马入海的人，1925-32)，由约翰u2027米灵顿u2027辛奇 ( John Millington Synge ) 之剧本改篇。
● The Pilgrim’s Progress (天路历程，1909-51)，基于约翰·本仁之托寓诗
芭蕾
● Old King Cole ( 大王科尔，1923)
● Job, a masque for dancing ( 假面舞剧《约伯》，1930)
● Symphonies
○ 1号交响曲，A Sea Symphony (1903-1909)
○ 2号交响曲，A London Symphony (1913)
○ 3号交响曲，A Pastoral Symphony (1921)
○ 4号交响曲，Symphony No. 4 之F 小调 (1931-34)
○ 5号交响曲，Symphony No. 5 之D (1938-43)
○ 6号交响曲，Symphony No. 6 之E 小调 (1946-47)
○ 7号交响曲，Sinfonia Antartica (南极交响曲) (1949-52) (基于Scott of the Antarctic这套1948年的电影)
○ 8号交响曲，Symphony No. 8 之D 小调 (1953-55)
○ 9号交响曲，Symphony No. 9 之E 小调 (1956-57)
● In the Fen Country(在芬县)，交响乐团用 (1904)
● Norfolk Rhapsody No. 1 (诺福克幻想曲，1906,，修订于1914)
● The Wasps，胡蜂，阿里斯托芬模式(1909)
● Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis (汤玛斯泰利斯幻想曲，1910，修订于1913及1919)
● Fantasia on "Greensleeves" (绿袖子幻想曲，1934)
● Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus (迪夫与拉沙罗的五个变奏曲，1939)
● Concerto Grosso (大演奏会1950)
协奏曲
● 钢琴
○ Piano Concerto in C (C调钢琴协奏曲，1926-31)
○ Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra (双钢琴协奏曲，1946，为上者之重制)
● 小提琴
○ The Lark Ascending，云雀升空，为小提琴和管弦乐所作(1914)
○ Concerto Accademico，小提琴协奏曲，为小提琴和管弦乐所作(1924-25)
● 中提琴
○ Flos Campi，田野之花，为中提琴用，无字和弦和小的交响乐(1925)
○ Suite for Viola and Small Orchestra，中提琴及小型管弦乐套曲 (1936-38)
○ Oboe Concerto (双簧管协奏曲)之A 小调，为双簧管及弦乐器所作 (1944)
○ Fantasia (类变化，quasi variazione) 旧约圣经诗篇104篇，为钢琴、合唱团和交响乐团所用(1949)
○ Romance in D flat for harmonica and orchestra (为口琴和管弦乐所写的降D小调浪漫曲，1951) (D为拉利阿德勒Larry Adler所作)
○ Tuba Concerto (F小调低音号协奏曲) (1954)
合唱
● Toward the Unknown Region, song for chorus and orchestra, setting of Walt Whitman (1906)
● Five Mystical Songs for baritone, chorus and orchestra, settings of George Herbert (1911)
● Fantasia on Christmas Carols for baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1912; arranged also for reduced orchestra of organ, strings, percussion)
● Mass in G 小调 for unaccompanied choir (1922)
● Sancta Civitas (The Holy City) oratorio, text mainly from the Book of Revelation (1923-25)
● Te Deum in G (1928)
● Benedicite for soprano, chorus, and orchestra (1929)
● In Windsor Forest, adapted from the opera Sir John in Love (1929)
● Three Choral Hymns (1929)
● Magnificat for contralto, women’s chorus, and orchestra (1932)
● Five Tudor Portraits for contralto, baritone, chorus, and orchestra (1935)
● Dona nobis pacem,沃特u2027卫特曼词及其他(1936)
● Festival Te Deum for chorus and orchestra or organ (1937)
● Serenade to Music for sixteen solo voices and orchestra, a setting of Shakespeare (1938)
● A Song for Thanksgiving (原作 Thanksgiving for Victory) for narrator, soprano solo, children’s chorus, mixed chorus, and orchestra (1944)
● An Oxford Elegy for narrator, mixed chorus and small orchestra (1949)
● Three Shakespeare Songs ，为SATB没有伴奏的，用作英联邦国家音乐竞赛 ( The British Federation of Music Festivals National Competitive Festival ，1951)
● Hodie, a Christmas oratorio (1954)
● Folk songs of the Four Seasons for unaccompanied SSA chorus.
● Epithalamion for baritone solo, chorus, flute, piano, and strings (1957)
● Numerous hymns, some of which were first published in the English Hymnal of 1906, of which Vaughan Williams was the musical editor, collaborating with Percy Dearmer.
声乐
● "Linden Lea"，歌(1901)
● The House of Life (1904)
● Songs of Travel (1904)
● "The Sky Above The Roof" (1908)
● On Wenlock Edge, song cycle for tenor, piano and string quartet (1909)
● Along the Field, for tenor and violin
● Three Poems by Walt Whitman for baritone and piano (1920)
● Four Poems by Fredegond Shove: for baritone and piano (1922)
● Four Hymns for Tenor, Viola and Strings (1914)
● Merciless Beauty for tenor, two violins, and cello
● Four Last Songs (Vaughan Williams)|Four Last Songs to poems of Ursula Vaughan Williams
● Ten William Blake|Blake songs, song cycle for high voice and oboe (1957)
室内乐及乐器
● String Quintet in C 小调 for violin, viola, cello, double bass and piano (1903)
● String Quartet No. 1 in G 小调 (1908)
● Phantasy Quintet for 2 violins, 2 violas and cello (1912)
● Six Studies in English Folk-Song, for violoncello and piano (1926)
● Three Preludes on Welsh Hymn Tunes, for organ (1956)
● String Quartet No. 2 in A 小调 ("For Jean, on her birthday," 1942-44)
● Romance for Viola and Piano (undated)
风琴
● Three Preludes on Welsh Hymntunes (Bryn Calfaria, Rhosymedre, Hyfrydol) (1920)
● A Wedding Tune for Ann (1943)
● Two Organ Preludes (The White Rock, St. David’s Day) (1956)
● The Old Hundredth Psalm-Tune (·)
电影、电台、电视配乐
● 49th Parallel, 1940, his first, talked into it by Muir Mathieson to assuage his guilt at being able to do nothing for the war-effort
● Coastal Command (film)|Coastal Command, 1942
● BBC接纳了The Pilgrim’s Progress, 1942
● The People’s Land, 1943
● The Story of a Flemish Farm, 1943
● Stricken Peninsula, 1945
● The Loves of Joanna Godden, 1946
● Scott of the Antarctic (1948 film)|Scott of the Antarctic, 1948, partially reused for his Symphony No. 7 Sinfonia Antartica
乐队
● English Folk Song Suite for military band (1923)
● Toccata Marziale for military band (1924)
● Flourish for Wind Band (1939)
● Sea Songs
● Overture: Henry V for brass band
● Variations for brass band (1957)
